Urdu had 6.32 crore total speakers in the 2011 Census, up from 5.91 crore in 2001 and 4.50 crore in 1991. Of the 2011 total, 5.08 crore declared it their mother tongue. The second-language base grew sharply over the period, from 14.65 lakh in 1991 to 1.13 crore in 2011…
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