Punjabi had 3.61 crore total speakers in the 2011 Census, up from 3.14 crore in 2001 and 2.50 crore in 1991. Of the 2011 total, 3.31 crore declared it their mother tongue. The second-language base more than doubled since 1991, reaching 22.37 lakh by 2011, driven partly by…
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